国际畜牧发展大会
来源：国际合作局
FIRST ANNOUCEMENT
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK SERVICES
ENHANCING RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Beijing, PR. China
April 16-22, 2006
Organizers of the Conference:
Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Support and Participation from:
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
World Bank (WB)
The problems and rationale
Human population growth, increasing urbanization and rising incomes are predicted to double the demand for, and production of, livestock and livestock products in the developing countries over the next 20 years. Livestock production is thus growing faster than any other agricultural sub-sector (with the exception of aquaculture) and it is predicted that by 2020, livestock will produce more than half of the total global agricultural output in value terms. This process has been referred to as the “livestock revolution”[1]. Important global livestock sector trends characterizing this ‘revolution’ are:
a rapid and dynamic increase in consumption of livestock products in developing countries;
a geographic shift of livestock production from temperate and dry areas to warmer, more humid and disease-prone environments;
a change in livestock production practices from a local multi-purpose activity to an increasingly market-oriented and vertically-integrated business;
increasing pressure on, and competition for, common property grazing and water resources;
more large-scale, industrial production units located close to urban centers, potentially causing severe environmental damage and posing public health risks;
a rapid and large rise in the use of cereal-based feed.
In spite of these trends, the majority of food, both of plant and animal origin, currently consumed in developing countries is still produced by semi-subsistence farmers. The projected growth in the demand for animal products therefore offers a unique opportunity for the rural poor since they already have a significant stake in livestock production. In addition, it presents one of the few rapidly growing markets that poor people can join.
Besides the opportunities that arise from the growing demand for livestock products, poor livestock owners are also facing threats from the resulting transformation of the livestock sector. A rising demand for livestock products provides an economic incentive for the application of intensive production systems, often based on the production of a single output, through which livestock products can be produced much cheaper than by small-scale farmers. However, increasing regional and rural-urban inequity is threatening continued economic progress, and food quality and safety have increasingly been a major concern of consumers. These challenges combined with globalization are having a profound effect on livestock production and marketing of the smallholders in rural areas. The livestock sector in developing countries will have to cope with such changes and new challenges that relate to the sustainability of livestock production, farmer’s livelihoods and rural development. Similar risks and concerns are reflected in smallholder-based livestock production systems in many developing countries and the challenges that China is facing are also significant from a global perspective.
As a result, the attributes of many indigenous livestock systems will need to change and availability of, and access to, appropriate and affordable livestock services will be one crucial element, if poor livestock owners are to meet the requirements of these new markets.
In the past decades, national and international organizations have conducted a number of research and development programs to address these problems and challenges in several developing countries and it is thus timely to review the activities conducted by national and international agencies.
Objectives
The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) as well as the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) plan to organize an International Conference on Livestock Services in Beijing, China from 16 to 22 April 2006, with the support from Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FAO, Word Bank, and International Livestock Research Institute.
The objectives of this conference are to:
share the lessons learnt from the research and development programs conducted on livestock service delivery over the past decade,
discuss new ideas and innovative approaches relevant to the delivery of livestock services to smallholders under different environments, and
discuss livestock service delivery research and development strategies that meet the changing needs of smallholder/poor livestock farmers under a range of livestock sector development scenarios.
Approach and activities
The conference will bring together a large number of development and research practitioners from South Asia, South East Asia, Africa, South America and China to discuss the above identified issues. It is proposed that the conference will be developed through a plenary session at which commissioned speakers from the region will share their experiences and discuss how such lessons could be usefully applied in other regions and systems. Subsequently it is proposed that the meeting will develop itself through several parallel satellite workshops that deal with the specificities of the requirements and needs for livestock services in smallholder livestock systems and under the following three main livestock sector development pathways based on market demand and production potential:
Coping with growth: This development scenario applies where economic growth is driving a burgeoning demand for animal products with a correspondingly dynamic production response. Here the primary public goods involve issues of equity, environmental pollution, animal and public health, including the risk of emerging diseases. Livestock services are required here that allow smallholder producers to compete with large-scale producers and to comply with ever increasing market norms and standards;
Creating the conditions for growth: The growing demand for animal products, where it exists, offers substantial opportunities for the small-scale livestock producers to participate and benefit. However, in these areas a number of technical, infra-structural and institutional constraints impede an appropriate production response to the increased demand. To create an enabling environment in which poor producers can take advantage of the available development opportunities, livestock services that assist in overcoming these productivities, trade and other barriers are required. Barring this, there is a real danger that the livestock-dependent poor will be marginalized further;
Enhancing rural livelihoods: In many developing countries, economic growth is weak and is not driving an expansion in the demand for animal products. Here the situation is characterized by large numbers of highly vulnerable rural poor for whom livestock represent one of the few opportunities to support and enhance their livelihoods. Many of the barriers and constraints apply equally to this group and some of these represent norms and societal ‘rules of the game’ that derive from international policies. Enhancing livestock-related livelihoods through improved access to livestock services will not only reduce vulnerability and risk, but also position resource-poor livestock producers to benefit from any upturn in the economy and demand for animal products, should it occur.
Outputs and impacts
The outputs from the conference will have considerable impact on government policy and R&D programs relevant to reduced inequity through enhanced economic opportunities for poor small livestock farmers. This will also be an opportunity to assess the ways in which international organizations can effectively participate in and contribute to livestock research for smallholder producers in developing countries.
Venue and date of the Conference
The conference will be held in Beijing, China on 16-22 April 2006 and the following participants are expected to participate in this important event.
Participants
National Policy Makers
International Development Agencies
Project Implementation Units
Practitioners
Training, Research and Development Institutes scientists and management staff
Companies active in the delivery of livestock services
The conference will be held in Beijing, China on 16-22 April 2006.
Preliminary agenda – Subject to Change
Sunday, 16 April 2006
Registration
Monday, 17 April 2006
Opening Ceremony
Plenary session: Livestock services in a changing world
In this one-day plenary session, commissioned speakers from different regions of both developed and developing worlds will share their experiences in livestock services and discuss how such lessons could be usefully applied in other regions and systems.
Tuesday and Wednesday, 18 and 19, April 2006
Parallel sessions:
These two-day parallel sessions will deal with the specificities of the requirements and needs for livestock services in developing countries and attempt to provide practical experience and tools for use in the development of smallholder based livestock production systems under the following three main pathways: (1) coping with growth, (2) creating the conditions for growth, and (3) enhancing rural livelihoods.
Following seven specific themes are suggested for the seven parallel sessions:
Session
1: Changing agri-food markets
Government policy, market and globalization
Livestock and food security
Supply chain management
Smallholder links and relationships with supply chains
2: Methodologies of livestock service delivery
IT at the smallholder level
Participatory approaches in extension methodology
Sustainable approaches to livestock extension
Capacity building for livestock services
3. Farmer associations
Role of Farmer Associations and links to supply chains
Case studies in establishing farmer associations
4. Rural credit and insurance
Sources of Credit for smallholder livestock production
Access to Credit for smallholder livestock production
Insurance for smallholder livestock production
5. Food quality and safety
Market impact of food quality and safety standards
Case studies
Development and enforcement of quality standards
On-farm quality assurance programs for smallholders
6. Smallholder targeted research and development
Technology Innovation and practicable adoption at the smallholder level
R&D policy and priority setting
Importance of market research in R&D strategy
Collaborative R&D amongst smallholders, industry and government
7. Competitiveness and sustainability of smallholder production
Role of livestock in rural households
Gender and smallholder livestock production
Environmental impact of smallholder production
Food quality and safety issues associated with smallholder production
Livestock genetic resources preservation and management
Disease management for livestock production
Thursday – Saturday, 20-22 April, 2006
Field trips (Xi’an / Hohhot / Chengdu), visiting various livestock production systems.
For more information about the conference, please contact:
Dr. Gong Xifeng or Dr. Liu Yukun
Department of international Cooperation
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
FAX: 86+10+62174060
Tel: 86+10+62185242
Email: gongxifeng@mail.caas.net.cn
gongxifeng@yahoo.com.cn
liuyk@caas.net.cn
Click here to download this form
国 际 畜 牧 发 展 大 会
北京
2006年4月16~22日
主办单位：
中国工程院（CAE）
中华人民共和国农业部（MOA）
中国农业科学院（CAAS）
支持单位：
加拿大国际开发署（CIDA）
国际家畜研究所（ILRI）
联合国粮农组织（FAO）
世界银行（WB）
由于人口增长、城市化和收入增加，预计在未来20年内发展中国家畜产品的产量和需求量都将成倍增长。畜牧业是农业部门中发展最快的行业（水产业除外），预计到2020年，其产值将占全球农业总产值的一半以上，这个过程被称为“家畜革命”。反映“家畜革命”的畜牧业发展特点主要表现在如下几个方面：
发展中国家对畜产品的需求量迅猛增加；
畜产品主要产地从温带干旱地区向温暖、潮湿、易染病的环境转移；
畜牧业生产活动正由过去的本地小农经济向为以市场为导向、纵向集成的产业转变；
畜牧业对公共放牧地和水资源的压力和竞争不断增加；
大规模、工业化的城郊畜牧业不断增加，导致环境污染和危害公共健康的潜在危险；
饲料粮的用量快速、大幅度增加。
尽管畜牧业呈现上述发展趋势，但目前发展中国家所消费的食物（包括动物性和植物性的食物），大部分仍然是由半自给的农户提供的。因此，预测的畜产品需求量的增加，为贫困农户带来了独特的发展机遇，因为他们在畜牧业生产方面已有了一定的投入，并积累了相当的经验。另外，畜产品需求的增加，也提供了难得的成长迅速且贫困农户能够参与的市场。
除了畜产品需求增长所带来的机遇，贫困农户也面临着畜牧经济转型所带来的危急。由于集约化、专业化生产的效率与小规模农户生产相比具有成本优势，因此畜产品需求的增长刺激了集约化生产系统的发展。然而，区域和城乡差距的不断扩大对经济的持续发展带来威胁，而食品质量和安全已越来越成为消费者关心的问题。这些问题再加上全球化，正在对农村地区小农户的畜牧业生产和产品销售造成深远的影响。这就要求发展中国家的畜牧部门必须采取必要措施，来应对这些变化以及有关畜牧业可持续发展、农民生计和农村发展的新挑战。此类风险和问题在许多发展中国家的小农户畜牧业生产系统中都有不同程度的表现，而目前中国所面临的挑战在全世界具有代表性意义。
因此，为了使贫困农户能够适应新的市场发展需要，发展中国家固有的畜牧业系统需要加以改变，而适合实际需要的、农民可负担的畜牧服务的提供及其获得服务的渠道，则是其中的关键要素。
过去的几十年里，许多国家和国际组织在一些发展中国家已经开展一系列的研究和开发项目，试图解决这些问题和挑战，所以有必要对这些国内和国际项目所取得的成果和经验予以及时的总结。
目标
在加拿大国际开发署、联合国粮农组织、世界银行、欧盟和国际家畜研究所等国际机构的支持下，中国工程院、中华人民共和国农业部和中国农业科学院计划于2006年4月16~22日在北京组织召开“国际畜牧服务大会”。
会议的目标是：
分享过去10年来所开展的家畜服务相关研发项目的经验和教训；
讨论不同环境下向小农户提供畜牧服务的新思路和新途径；
探讨在不同畜牧业发展情景下能够满足小农户不同需求的畜牧服务研究和发展对策。
会议形式及内容
大会将汇集来自南亚、东南亚、非洲、南美和中国等国家和地区从事研究和发展的业界同仁来讨论上述问题。大会将首先举行一次全体会议，由本地区的大会特邀代表介绍其经验和成果，并讨论如何将这些经验在其它地区或生产系统加以有效应用。接下来，大会将分成几个平行的分会场，针对小农户生产系统对畜牧服务的需要，并围绕基于市场需求和生产潜力的如下三种畜牧业发展情形开展专题讨论：
1. 应对需求增长：在这一发展情形中，经济增长刺激着畜产品市场需求的快速增加，而畜牧业生产对市场需求的增加具有动态响应。在此情况下，首要的公益性议题包括平等竞争、环境污染、家畜及人类健康，特别是一些新出现的疫病所带来的风险。在这里，需要通过畜牧服务来增强小农户生产与规模化生产的竞争能力，并使小农户生产者能够适应日益严格的市场规范和标准。
2. 创造增长的环境：在一些地区，畜产品需求量的增加为小规模畜牧生产者提供了参与市场并获利的良好机遇，但是一系列技术、基础设施和体制方面的制约阻碍着生产对市场需求的响应。为了创造一个良好的环境使贫困农户能够利用当前存在的发展机遇，就需要通过畜牧服务来帮助农户解决其生产、销售等方面的困难。否则，以畜牧业为依靠的贫困人口将会被进一步边缘化。
3. 提高农村生活水平：在许多发展中国家，经济增长缓慢，未能刺激畜产品需求量的增加。这些国家的特点是存在大量的农村贫困人口弱势群体，畜牧业是其维持和提高生活水平的少数机会之一。然而，他们却面对着许多与其它地区相同的发展方面的障碍和制约，其中包括有关的规范和来自国际政策的社会“游戏规则”。因此，通过提供畜牧服务来改善畜牧生产并提高生活水平，不但可降低其脆弱性和风险，而且使资源匮乏的贫困农户在经济好转后畜产品需求增加时能够受益。
预期成果及影响
本次会议的成果对于旨在增加畜牧小农户经济机遇、减少发展不平衡的相关政府政策和研发项目将产生深远影响。此外，这次会议还将提供一个机会，来评估国际组织有效地参与和支持发展中国家针对小农户的畜牧研究的方式。
时间和地点
大会将于2006年4月16~22日在北京召开
参会人员
国家决策机构
国际开发机构
项目实施单位
畜牧业界同仁
培训、研究、开发机构的科学家和管理人员
积极提供畜牧服务的公司
初步日程安排
2006年4月16日，星期日
注册
2006年4月17日，星期一
开幕式
全体会议：世界畜牧服务发展动态
在为期一天的全体会议上，来自不同地区的发展中国家和发达国家的大会特邀发言人将介绍其从事家畜服务的经验，并讨论如何将这些经验应用于其他地区和畜牧系统。
2006年4月18~19日，星期二～星期三
在为期两天的平行分会上，将对发展中国家畜牧服务的具体要求和需要进行讨论，并针对为农户畜牧生产系统，围绕如下三个方面提供实用的经验和方法：（1）应对需求增长；（2）创造增长环境；（3）提高农村生活水平。
七个分会讨论的主题分别为：
1. 农业－食物市场动态
政府政策、市场及全球化
家畜和食品安全
供应链管理
农户与供应链的结合与关系
2. 家畜服务提供方法
适用于农户的信息技术
参与式畜牧技术推广方法
可持续畜牧技术推广方法
畜牧服务的能力建设
3. 农民协会
农民协会的作用及其与供应链的结合
农民协会建立的案例分析
4. 农村信贷和保险
小农户畜牧生产的信贷来源
小农户畜牧生产的信贷渠道
小农户畜牧生产的保险
5. 食品质量和安全
食品质量和安全标准的市场效应
案例分析
质量标准的制定和执行
小农户生产场地产品质量保障计划
6. 以小农户为目标的研究与开发
适用于小农户的技术创新及其实际应用
研发政策和优先领域的确定
市场研究在研发战略中的重要性
农户、产业和政府间的合作研发
7. 小农户生产的竞争力和可持续性
家畜对农村家庭的重要性
性别和小农户畜牧生产
农户畜牧生产的环境影响
涉及小农户的食品质量和安全问题
家畜遗传资源的保育和管理
畜牧生产中的疫病管理
2006年4月20~22日，星期四～星期六
到西安/呼和浩特/成都，参观不同家畜生产体系。
联系人： 贡锡锋，刘雨坤
中国农业科学院国际合作局
传真：010-62174060
电话：010-62185242
Email: gongxifeng@mail.caas.net.cn
gongxifeng@yahoo.com.cn
liuyk@caas.net.cn
下载此登记表
|
